Mast cells are found on fixed tissues in the body, including the nose and airway tissues.  Mast cells contain histamines and leukotrienes.  Both of these are described as mediators, and if released, will cause those annoying allergy symptoms to begin.  If the mast cells are triggered by an allergen, the mediators are released and begin to cause inflammation, increased mucus production and a narrowed airway.  They also send a “distress call” to the body, causing more immune cells to react to the allergen.

Mast-cell stabilizers are medications used to make the mast cells more stable.  Two of these common prescription medications are nedocromil and cromolyn.  In order for the medication to work, it has to reach the mast cell before the allergen reaches it.  The mast-cell stabilizers can be taken as nose drops, a nasal spray or as inhalers when used for asthma.

If the mast-cell stabilizer is used after an allergic reaction has already begun, it’s effectiveness can be diminished.  If an asthma attack has begun, this particular medication will not stop it.

Mast-cell stabilizers can take up to six weeks to become fully effective, although the benefits are often seen after a few days.  Again, it is best to take this medication before exposure to pollen or other allergens.

Decongestants are often used by those experiencing allergic rhinitis to help relieve sinus congestion and pressure. Pseudoephrine and phenylephrine are common forms of decongestants which are sometimes paired with an antihistamine to both relieve allergic reactions and provide relief from symptoms.  Some common decongestants combined with antihistamines are Allegra-D, Clarinex-D, and Claratin-D, although there are many more available on the market.

Another helpful medication now being used for congestion is in the form of a leukotriene blocker.  If you know someone with asthma, you are probably familiar with Singulair, a montelukast medication used to help open airways.  This has recently been approved for treatment of allergic rhinitis, working well to reduce congestion and sinus pressure.